feat: multiple lessons

src/macros.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+// Group functionality with different types
+// Define special syntac for specific purpose
+// Variable number of arguments
+// Different combination of arguments
+macro_rules! say_hello {
+    () => {
+        println!("Hello world!");
+    };
+}
+
+// Types of arguments have designators:
+// block
+// expr is used for expressions
+// ident is used for variable/function names
+// item
+// literal is used for literal constants
+// pat (pattern)
+// path
+// stmt (statement)
+// tt (token tree)
+// ty (type)
+// vis (visibility qualifier)
+macro_rules! generate_function {
+    ($func_name:ident) => {
+        fn $func_name() {
+            println!("You called {:?}()", stringify!($func_name));
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+generate_function!(foo);
+
+macro_rules! process_expression {
+    ($expression: expr) => {
+        println!("{:?} = {:?}", stringify!($expression), $expression);
+    };
+}
+
+// Overload
+macro_rules! match_block {
+    ($left: expr; and $right: expr) => {
+        println!("A: {:?} and {:?}", stringify!($left), stringify!($right))
+    };
+
+    ($left: expr; or $right:expr) => {
+        println!(
+            "B: {:?} or {:?} is {:?}",
+            stringify!($left),
+            stringify!($right),
+            $left || $right
+        )
+    };
+}
+
+// Repeat: variable number of args o a type
+macro_rules! find_max {
+    ($x:expr) => ($x);
+    ($x:expr, $($y:expr), +) => (std::cmp::max($x, find_max!($($y), +)));
+}
+
+// DSLs: Domain Specific Languages
+// macro_rules allows you to create your own syntax
+macro_rules! calc {
+    (eval $e:expr) => {
+        println!("{} = {}", stringify!($e), $e);
+    };
+}
+
+macro_rules! calculate {
+    (eval $e: expr) => {
+        {
+            let val: usize = $e; // Force types to be integers
+            println!("{} = {}", stringify!{$e}, val);
+        }
+    };
+    (eval $e: expr, $(eval $y: expr), +) => {{
+        calculate!{eval $e}
+        calculate!{ $(eval $y), + }
+    }};
+}
+
+pub fn macros_rule() {
+    foo();
+    say_hello!();
+    process_expression!(1 + 5 * 3);
+
+    match_block!(1i32 + 1 == 2i32; and 2i32 * 2 == 4i32); // Enters first branch
+    match_block!(true; or false); // Enter second branch
+    match_block!(true; and true); // Enters first branch
+
+    println!("Max is {}", find_max!(5, 3 * 8, 4, 9 * 5));
+
+    calc! {
+        eval (1 + 2) * 4
+    }
+
+    calculate! {
+        eval (1 + 2) * 4,
+        eval 1 + 5,
+        eval 7 + 4,
+        eval 3 + 9
+    }
+}

src/main.rs

@@ -5,18 +5,8 @@
 // : /// Doc comment: generate library docs for the following item
 // : //! Doc comment
 
-// mod helloworld;
-// mod primitives;
-// mod customtypes;
-//mod variablebindings;
-// mod types;
-//mod conversion;
-// mod controlflow;
-// mod traits;
-// mod str_types;
-// mod functions;
-// mod exercises;
-mod concepts;
+mod macros;
+use macros::macros_rule;
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 #[path = "./test/basic_test.rs"]
@@ -30,10 +20,12 @@ fn main() {
     //types::types_module();
     //conversion::conversion_module();
     // controlflow::control_flow_module();
-    //traits::traits_exercise();
+    // traits::traits_exercise();
     // str_types::str_types_module();
     // exercises::run_easy();
     // my_lib::public_function();
     // functions::functions_module();
-    concepts::box_basics();
+    // concepts::box_basics();
+    // operators::operators_module();
+    macros_rule();
 }

src/operators.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+use std::ops;
+use std::ops::Add;
+
+/*
+ * Operators are syntectic sugar for method calls
+ * The + operator calls the add method and so on
+ * */
+pub fn operators_module() {
+    let a = 3u32.add(3);
+    println!("a is {a}");
+
+    // Operator overloading
+    struct Foo;
+    impl ops::Add<u32> for Foo {
+        type Output = Foo;
+        fn add(self, rhs: u32) -> Self::Output {
+            println!("> add called with {}", rhs);
+            Foo
+        }
+    }
+
+    let foo = Foo;
+    let _too = foo + 3; // > add called with 3
+}

src/traits.rs

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
  * 4. Extend the trait with a second function and see what happens
  * */
 
+use std::thread::current;
+
 pub trait Move {
     fn to(&mut self, x: i32, y: i32);
 }
@@ -32,4 +34,91 @@ pub fn traits_exercise() {
     me.to(10, 20);
 
     println!("My name is {} and i'm at {:?}", me.name, me.position);
+
+    // Drop trait: called with an object goes out of scope
+    struct Foo;
+    impl Drop for Foo {
+        fn drop(&mut self) {
+            println!("Foo went out of scope...");
+        }
+    }
+
+    let mut counter = 0u32;
+    loop {
+        if counter > 5 {
+            break;
+        }
+        counter += 1;
+        let _foo = Foo;
+    }
+
+    // Iterator traits
+    // Example: Fibonacci
+    struct Fibonacci {
+        current: u32,
+        next: u32,
+    }
+
+    impl Iterator for Fibonacci {
+        type Item = u32;
+        fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+            let current = self.current;
+            self.current = self.next;
+            self.next = self.next + current;
+            Some(current)
+        }
+    }
+
+    let mut fib = Fibonacci {
+        current: 0,
+        next: 1,
+    };
+
+    for _ in 0..21 {
+        println!("Fib {:?}", fib.next());
+    }
+
+    let mut fib = Fibonacci {
+        current: 0,
+        next: 1,
+    };
+    println!("Fib 20 {:?}", fib.nth(20));
+    let fib = Fibonacci {
+        current: 0,
+        next: 1,
+    };
+    println!("Fib skip 20 {:?}", fib.skip(20).next());
+
+    // Disambiguating overlapping traits
+    struct Fee {
+        a: u32,
+        b: String,
+    }
+
+    trait A {
+        fn get(&self) -> u32;
+    }
+    trait B {
+        fn get(&self) -> String;
+    }
+
+    impl A for Fee {
+        fn get(&self) -> u32 {
+            self.a
+        }
+    }
+    impl B for Fee {
+        fn get(&self) -> String {
+            self.b.clone()
+        }
+    }
+
+    let fee = Fee {
+        a: 1234,
+        b: "asdf".to_string(),
+    };
+
+    let a = <Fee as A>::get(&fee);
+    let b = <Fee as B>::get(&fee);
+    println!("The a is {} and the b is {}", a, b);
 }